| Afghanistan |
Pushtu, Dari Persian, other
Turkic and minor languages |
| Albania |
Albanian (Tosk is the official
dialect), Greek |
| Algeria |
Arabic (official), French,
Berber dialects |
| Andorra |
Catalán (official), French,
Castilian, Portuguese |
| Angola |
Bantu, Portuguese (official) |
| Antigua and Barbuda |
English |
| Argentina |
Spanish (official), English,
Italian, German, French |
| Armenia |
Armenian |
| Australia |
English |
| Austria |
German 98% (small Slovene,
Croatian, and Hungarian-speaking minorities) |
| Azerbaijan |
Azerbaijani Turkic, Russian,
Armenian |
| Bahamas |
English |
| Bahrain |
Arabic (official), English,
Farsi, Urdu |
| Bangladesh |
Bangla (official), English |
| Barbados |
English |
| Belarus |
Belorussian (White Russian) |
| Belgium |
Dutch (Flemish); French;
German; legally bilingual (Dutch and French) |
| Belize |
English (official), Creole,
Spanish, Garifuna, Mayan |
| Benin |
French (official), African
languages |
| Bhutan |
Dzongkha (official) |
| Bolivia |
Spanish (official), Quechua
(official), Aymara (official) |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
The language that used to
be known as Serbo-Croatian but is now known as Serbian,
Croatian, or Bosnian, depending on the speaker's ethnic
and political affiliation. It is written in Latin and
Cyrillic |
| Botswana |
English (official), Setswana |
| Brazil |
Portuguese |
| Brunei Darussalam |
Malay (official), Chinese,
English |
| Bulgaria |
Bulgarian |
| Burkina Faso |
French (official), tribal
languages |
| Burundi |
Kirundi and French (official),
Swahili |
| Cambodia |
Khmer (official), French,
English |
| Cameroon |
French and English (both
official); 24 major African language groups |
| Canada |
English, French (both official) |
| Cape Verde |
Portuguese, Criuolo |
| Central African
Republic |
French (official), Sangho,
Arabic, Hansa, Swahili |
| Chad |
French and Arabic (official),
more than 100 tribal languages |
| Chile |
Spanish |
| China |
Chinese, Mandarin, also local
dialects |
| Colombia |
Spanish |
| Comoros |
French and Arabic (both official),
Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili and Arabic) |
| Congo, Republic
of |
French (official), Lingala,
Kikongo, others |
| Congo, Democratic
Republic of the |
French (official), Swahili,
Lingala, Ishiluba, and Kikongo, others |
| Costa Rica |
Spanish |
| Côte d'Ivoire |
French (official) and African
languages (Diaula esp.) |
| Croatia |
What was once known as Serbo-Croatian
is now known as Serbian, Croatian, or Bosnian, depending
on the speaker's political and ethnic affiliation |
| Cuba |
Spanish |
| Cyprus |
Greek, Turkish (official),
English is widely spoken |
| Czech Republic |
Czech; Slovak minority |
| Denmark |
Danish, Faeroese, Greenlandic
(an Inuit dialect), small German-speaking minority |
| Djibouti |
Arabic and French (both official),
Afar, Somali |
| Dominica |
English (official) and French
patois |
| Dominican Republic |
Spanish, English widely spoken |
| East Timor |
Tetum, Portuguese (official),
Bahasa Indonesia, English |
| Ecuador |
Spanish (official), Quechua |
| Egypt |
Arabic |
| El Salvador |
Spanish |
| Equatorial Guinea |
Spanish (official), French
(2nd official), pidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Creole |
| Eritrea |
Afar, Bilen, Kunama, Nara,
Arabic, Tobedawi, Saho, Tigre, Tigrinya |
| Estonia |
Estonian (official), Russian,
Finnish, English |
| Ethiopia |
Amharic (official), English,
Orominga, Tigrigna, over 70 languages spoken |
| Fiji |
Fijian, Hindustani, English
(official) |
| Finland |
Finnish, Swedish (both official);
small Sami- (Lapp) and Russian-speaking minorities |
| France |
French, declining regional
dialects (Provençal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican) |
| Gabon |
French (official), Fang,
Myene, Bateke, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi |
| Gambia, The |
Native tongues, English (official) |
| Georgia |
Georgian (official); Russian;
Armenian; Azerbaijani |
| Germany |
German |
| Ghana |
English (official), Native
tongues (Brong Ahafo, Twi, Fanti, Ga, Ewe, Dagbani) |
| Greece |
Greek |
| Grenada |
English |
| Guatemala |
Spanish, Indian languages |
| Guinea |
French (official), native
tongues (Malinké, Susu, Fulani) |
| Guinea-Bissau |
Portuguese, Criolo, African
languages |
| Guyana |
English (official), Amerindian
dialects |
| Haiti |
Creole and French (both official) |
| Honduras |
Spanish (official), English
widely spoken in business |
| Hungary |
Magyar (Hungarian), 98.2%;
other, 1.8% |
| Iceland |
Icelandic |
| India |
Hindi (official), English
(official), Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi,
Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Kannada, Assamese,
Sanskrit, Sindhi (all recognized by the constitution).
Dialects, 1,652 |
| Indonesia |
Bahasa Indonesia (official),
Dutch, English, and more than 583 languages and dialects |
| Iran |
Farsi (Persian), Azari, Kurdish,
Arabic |
| Iraq |
Arabic (official) and Kurdish |
| Ireland |
English, Irish Gaelic |
| Israel |
Hebrew (official), Arabic,
English |
| Italy |
Italian; small German-, French-,
and Slovene-speaking minorities |
| Jamaica |
English, Jamaican Creole |
| Japan |
Japanese |
| Jordan |
Arabic (official), English |
| Kazakhstan |
Kazak (Qazaq), state language
spoken by 64.4% of population; Russian, official language
spoken by 95% of population and used in everyday business |
| Kenya |
English (official), Swahili
(national), and several other languages spoken by 25
ethnic groups |
| Kiribati |
English (official), I-Kiribati
(Gilbertese) |
| Korea, North |
Korean |
| Korea, South |
Korean |
| Kuwait |
Arabic (official), English |
| Kyrgyzstan |
Kyrgyz (official); Russian
is de facto second language of communication |
| Laos |
Lao (official), French, English |
| Latvia |
Latvian |
| Lebanon |
Arabic (official), French,
English |
| Lesotho |
English and Sesotho (official);
also Zulu and Xhosa |
| Liberia |
English (official) and tribal
dialects |
| Libya |
Arabic, Italian and English
widely understood in major cities |
| Liechtenstein |
German (official), Alemmanic
dialect |
| Lithuania |
Lithuanian (official), Polish,
Russian |
| Luxembourg |
Luxermbourgish, French, German |
| Macedonia |
Macedonian (official), which
uses the Cyrillic alphabet, Albanian (official), Turkish,
other |
| Madagascar |
Malagasy and French (both
official) |
| Malawi |
English and Chichewa (both
official) |
| Malaysia |
Malay (official), Chinese,
Tamil, English |
| Maldives |
Dhivehi (official); Arabic,
Hindi, and English are also spoken |
| Mali |
French (official), African
languages |
| Malta |
Maltese and English (both
official) |
| Marshall Islands |
Both Marshallese and English
are official languages. Marshallese is a language in
the Malayo-Polynesian family |
| Mauritania |
Arabic and Wolof (official);
French |
| Mauritius |
English, French (official);
Creole, Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bojpoori |
| Mexico |
Spanish, Indian languages |
| Micronesia |
English is the official and
common language; major indigenous languages are Chukese,
Pohnpeian, Yapase, and Kosrean |
| Moldova |
Moldovan (official; virtually
the same as Romanian), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect) |
| Monaco |
French (official), English,
Italian, Monégasque |
| Mongolia |
Mongolian, 90%; also Turkic,
Russian, and Chinese |
| Morocco |
Arabic (official), French,
Berber dialects, Spanish |
| Mozambique |
Portuguese (official), Bantu
languages |
| Myanmar |
Burmese, minority languages |
| Namibia |
Afrikaans, German, English
(official), several indigenous |
| Nauru |
Nauruan (official) and English |
| Nepal |
Nepali (official), Newari,
Bhutia, Maithali |
| The Netherlands |
Dutch, Frisian |
| New Zealand |
English (official), Maori |
| Nicaragua |
Spanish |
| Niger |
French (official); Hausa;
Songhai; Arabic |
| Nigeria |
English (official), Hausa,
Yoruba, Ibo, and more than 200 others |
| Norway |
Two official forms of Norwegian:
Bokmål and Nynorsk |
| Oman |
Arabic (official); also English
and Indian languages |
| Pakistan |
Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%,
Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official)
8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English, Burushaski,
and others |
| Palau |
Palauan, English (official) |
| Palestinian State
(proposed) |
Arabic, Hebrew, English,
French |
| Panama |
Spanish (official); many
bilingual in English |
| Papua New Guinea |
English, Tok Pisin (a Melanesian
Creole English), Hiri Motu, and 717 distinct native languages |
| Paraguay |
Spanish (official), Guaraní |
| Peru |
Spanish and Quéchua (both
official), Aymara, and other native languages |
| The Philippines |
Filipino (based on Tagalog)
and English (both official); regional languages: Tagalog,
Ilocano, Cebuano, others |
| Poland |
Polish |
| Portugal |
Portuguese |
| Qatar |
Arabic (official); English
is also widely spoken |
| Romania |
Romanian (official); Hungarian-
and German-speaking minorities |
| Russia |
Russian, others |
| Rwanda |
Kinyarwanda, French, and
English (all official) |
| St. Kitts and Nevis |
English |
| St. Lucia |
English (official) and patois |
| St. Vincent and
the Grenadines |
English (official), French
patois |
| Samoa |
Samoan and English |
| San Marino |
Italian |
| São Tomé and Príncipe |
Portuguese |
| Saudi Arabia |
Arabic, English widely spoken |
| Senegal |
French (official); Wolof,
Serer, other ethnic dialects |
| Serbia and Montenegro |
Serbian 95%, Albanian 5%.
What was once known as Serbo-Croatian is now known as
Serbian, Croatian, or Bosnian, depending on the speaker's
political and ethnic affiliation. It is written in Latin
and Cyrillic |
| Seychelles |
English and French (both
official), and Seselwa (a creole) |
| Sierra Leone |
English (official), Mende,
Temne, Krio |
| Singapore |
Malay, Chinese (Mandarin),
Tamil, English (all official) |
| Slovakia |
Slovak (official), Hungarian |
| Slovenia |
Slovenian; most can also
speak Serbo-Croatian |
| Solomon Islands |
English, Solomon Pijin (an
English pidgin), over 60 indigenous Melanesian languages |
| Somalia |
Somali (official), Arabic,
English, Italian |
| South Africa |
Xhosa and Zulu (official),
English, Afrikaans, Ndebele, Sesotho sa Leboa, Sesotho,
Swati, Xitsonga, Setswana, Tshivenda |
| Spain |
Castilian Spanish (official),
Catalan, Galician, Basque |
| Sri Lanka |
Sinhala (official), Tamil,
English |
| Sudan |
Arabic (official), English,
tribal dialects |
| Suriname |
Dutch (official), Surinamese
(lingua franca), English widely spoken |
| Swaziland |
English and Swazi (official) |
| Sweden |
Swedish |
| Switzerland |
German, French, Italian (all
official), Romansch |
| Syria |
Arabic (official), French
and English widely understood |
| Taiwan |
Chinese (Mandarin) |
| Tajikistan |
Tajik |
| Tanzania |
Swahili and English (both
official), local languages |
| Thailand |
Thai (Siamese), Chinese,
English |
| Togo |
French (official), Ewé, Mina
(south), Kabyé, Cotocoli (north), and many dialects |
| Tonga |
Tongan (an Austronesian language),
English |
| Trinidad and Tobago |
English (official), Hindi,
French, Spanish |
| Tunisia |
Arabic (official), French |
| Turkey |
Turkish |
| Turkmenistan |
Turkmen, 72%; Russian, 12%;
Uzbek, 9% |
| Tuvalu |
Tuvaluan, English |
| Uganda |
English (official), Swahili,
Luganda, Ateso, Luo |
| Ukraine |
Ukrainian |
| United Arab Emirates |
Arabic (official), English
as a second language |
| United Kingdom |
English, Welsh, Scots Gaelic |
| United States |
English, sizable Spanish-speaking
minority |
| Uruguay |
Spanish |
| Uzbekistan |
Uzbek, Russian, Tajik, other |
| Vanuatu |
Bislama (a Melanesian pidgin
English), English, French (all 3 official) |
| Vatican City (Holy
See) |
Latin, Italian, and various
other languages |
| Venezuela |
Spanish (official), various
indigenous languages in the remote interior |
| Vietnam |
Vietnamese (official), French,
English, Khmer, Chinese |
| Western Sahara
(proposed state) |
Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan
Arabic |
| Yemen |
Arabic |
| Zambia |
English (official) and local
dialects |
| Zimbabwe |
English (official), Ndebele,
Shona (85%) |
|
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